Romania (Capital city: Bucharest) is bordered to the north and east by Moldova and Ukraine, the southeast by the Black Sea, the south by Bulgaria, the southwest by Serbia and in the west by Hungary. The country is divided into four geographical areas. Transylvania (a belt of Alpine massifs and forests) and Moldavia compose the northern half of the country, which is divided down the middle by the north–south strip of the Carpathian Mountains. South of the east–west line of the Carpathians lies the flat Danube plain of Walachia with the capital Bucharest, its border with Bulgaria being defined by the course of the Danube. Romania’s coastline is along the Black Sea, incorporating the port of Constanta and the Danube Delta. The region between the Black Sea and the Danube (after it veers North), is also known as Dobrudja (Dobrogea).

Romanian is the official language originating in Dacian and Latin. Recent linguistic research tends to put Dacian at the origins of ancient Latin and Romanian language may be seen as the main proof for this idea. Some Hungarian is spoken in the Northwest, while mainly French and some English are spoken by those connected with the tourist industry.

86.8% Romanian Orthodox, 5.6% Catholic, 3.7% Reformed, Lutheran and Unitarian, 2.8% Evangelical Protestant (or neo-Protestant as they are called in Romania), 0.3% Muslim and 0.03% Jewish. The spread of the various non-Orthodox denominations around the country is uneven, with the strongest presence in the West of the country (Banat, Crisana, Transylvania) but also in Northern Moldavia and in the large cities.